Author: user
Can you use one-way ANOVA for three groups?
Can you use one-way ANOVA for three groups? Yes, you can use one-way ANOVA for three groups (or, three levels). Actually, one-way ANOVA can be used for 2 groups and more than 2 groups. Example of one-way ANOVA for three...
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Setup Hayes PROCESS in R (4 Steps)
The following shows steps of setup Hayes Mediation PROCESS in R. After setting up the PROCESS in R, we can use Model 4 as a simple example. In the following R code, we first download the data from GitHub. Then,...
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Meaning of Hessian Matrix from optim() in R
The inverse of the Hessian matrix from optim() can be used as the asymptotic covariance matrix for estimated parameters. The name “asymptotic” is due to the direct replace the σ2 in the variance of estimated parameters with the estimated one,...
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OLS vs. MLE in Linear Regression
This tutorial is to compare OLS (Ordinary Least Square) and Maximum Likelihood Estimate (MLE) in linear regression. We are going to use simple linear regression as examples here. Most of the conclusions can be directly extended into general linear regressions....
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Maximum Likelihood Estimation for Linear Regression in R
To use maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) in linear regression in R, you can use either optim() or mle() function. The following provides detailed R code examples. Data and Model Suppose we want to test the effect of teaching method (new vs. old)...
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List of Master’s in Data Science in Ivy League Universities
This post provides a list of Ivy League universities offering Master’s in Data Science. In short, except for Princeton and Dartmouth, most schools offers Master’s in Data Science. University Names Master’s in Data Science Webpage Columbia Yes MS Data Science...
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Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) in Linear Regression
This tutorial is going to explain what Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) is and how Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) can be used in linear regression. Basics of Maximum Likelihood Estimation Before discussing about linear regression, we need to have a basic...
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Chi Square Analysis in SPSS
Chi Square analysis (more specifically, Chi square independence test in this tutorial) is a statistical test used to determine if there is a significant association between two categorical variables. It assesses whether the observed frequencies of the variables in a...
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McNemar’s Test in SPSS
This tutorial explains the definition of McNemar’s test, the writing of the null and alternative hypotheses for McNemar’s test, the steps of conducting it in SPSS, and how to interpret the output of McNemar’s test as well as how to...
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Create OpenAI Style Illustrations in Python
This tutorial shows how to create OpenAI website style illustrations using Python Turtle graphics. The following includes two examples. Example 1: Parallel Lines The following is the first example of drawing an OpenAI-style figure using Python Turtle. If you run...
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