This tutorial shows steps of how you can do One-Way ANOVA in SPSS. One-way ANOVA compares the means of two or more independent groups to determine whether the means are significantly different. We are going to test whether students of different programs (i.e., vocation, general, and academic) differ in writing scores. Thus, in this example, … Read more
This tutorial shows how you can do one sample t-test in SPSS. One sample t-test is to compare a sample to a fixed value. For instance, you can compare whether the average score of students’ reading is different from 45. In the following, I am going to show how you can do that in SPSS. … Read more
This tutorial explains what the Johnson Neyman technique is, when you can use the Johnson Neyman technique, and how you can do Johnson Neyman in SPSS. What is the Johnson Neyman technique? The Johnson Neyman technique is used for interaction effects with continuous variables as independent variables. In nature, it is a technique to help … Read more
This tutorial is to show how to do a linear regression for the interaction between categorical and continuous variables in SPSS. We are going to use the dataset called hsbdemo, and this dataset has been used in some other tutorials online (See UCLA website and another website). You can download the SPSS sav file here. … Read more
This tutorial shows how you can do correlation analysis in SPSS. Correlation is a statistical measure of the relationship between two variables, X and Y. The typical situation of using correlation analysis is when both X and Y are continuous variables or scales in SPSS sense (either interval or ratio data ). However, it is … Read more
The tutorial shows examples of how you can use built-in Probability Density Functions (PDF) in R, including PDF for normal distribution (dnorm), uniform distribution (dunif), and exponential distribution (dexp). Example 1: PDF for Normal Distribution Normal distribution PDF dnorm() in R returns the density of probability at 2. Note that it is standard normal distribution … Read more
This post discusses about the basic idea of probability density function, including definition and examples.
This tutorial shows how to interpret interaction effects in linear regression models. In summary, there are two perspectives, (a) mean difference perspective and (b) slope difference perspective. Interpret Interaction Effect in Linear Regression (a) Mean Difference Perspective: One way to interpret interaction effects in linear regression is based on mean differences. A significant interaction means … Read more
We can solve linear regression (i.e., estimate the regression coefficients) using just linear algebra. Below is the process of 4 steps to do regression analysis via matrix multiplication. Step 1: Prepare the matrix We actually can expand the function above to another format below. The function below can give you a more detailed idea of … Read more
This tutorial shows how to use sklearn to calculate SSR, which stands for Sum of Squared Residuals. SSR is also known as residual sum of squares (RSS) or sum of squared errors (SSE). Steps of Using sklearn to Calculate SSR in Python Step 1: Prepare data We are going to use a built-in dataset called … Read more