Author: user
Meaning of #### in Excel
In Excel, the term “####” typically represents a series of number or pound signs (#####) that appear in a cell when the content is too long to be displayed fully within the available column width. It is often referred to...
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How to Create Contingency Table in Excel
You can create a contingency table in Excel using the Pivot Table. This tutorial includes steps showing how to create a contingency table for count data. Data and Resarch Question for Contingency Table The following is the sample data used...
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How to Export DataFrame to CSV in R
You can use the write.csv() from base R or write_csv() from “readr” package to export a dataframe to CSV in R. write.csv() write.csv(df_1,”csv_file_name.csv”, row.names=FALSE) write_csv() write_csv(df_2,”csv_file_name.csv”) Example 1: Use write.csv() The following is the output of the dataframe df_1. >...
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Generate Vectors only Contains 0 And 1 in R
You can generate a vector only containing 0 and 1 in R using sample() and rbinom() functions. sample: sample(c(0, 1), size = 10, replace = TRUE) rbinom: rbinom(10, size = 1, prob = 0.5) In both sample() and rbinom(): Example...
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Experimental Design in Advertising Research
This tutorial explains the types of advertising experiment design and the detailed steps of conducting experimental research for advertising campaigns. Types of Advertising Experiments The first one is a simple version of the experiment design, which includes a control condition...
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Data Type and Data Summary
This tutorial explains what data type (including numerical data and categorical data) is and how to summarize different types of data. Data Type Broadly speaking, data can be categorized into two types: categorical and numerical. Categorical data refers to variables...
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MS in Business Analytics in Ivy League Universities
Columbia and Cornell are two schools in the Ivy League directly offering MS in Business Analytics (MSBA). Further, UPenn offers a dual program within its MBA program with MS in Data Science. Other than these 3 universities, all other Ive...
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How Dummy and Contrast Codings Impact P-values in SPSS
This tutorial discusses how dummy and contrast codings impact p-values in SPSS for linear regressions. Single Categorical Variable We can start with only one Y (numerical data, or continuous data) and one X (categorical data). We keep it simple to...
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Mean as a Projection
This tutorial explains how mean can be viewed as an orthogonal projection onto a subspace defined by the span of an all 1’s vector (i.e., basis vector). Suppose that \( \vec{y} \in \mathbb{R}^n \) and \( L \subset \mathbb{R}^n\) is...
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Orthogonal Projection
This tutorial explains what an orthogonal projection is in linear algebra. Further, it provides proof that the difference between a vector and a subspace is orthogonal to that subspace. Let’s define two vectors, \(\vec{X} \) and \(\vec{Y} \), and we...
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